12/19/2006
Padawan T. says:
Okay, I was going to stop, but I think I've been misunderstood. I didn't mean that science is a religion literally. On this point, I'm looking at things more sociologically.
Ok, here it goes. First of all, SCIENCE is a big category. It includes the actual disciplines of investigation (biochemistry, theoretical physics, cognitive neuroscience, microbiology, etc) that fall within this category, as well as the body of knowlege accumulated by these disciplines. It includes the methods of investigation, as well as the social process of publishing, review, debate, obtaining funding, that occurs within the scientific community and often outside the community. Science makes plenty of claims (the theory of evolution by natural selection, the theory of gravity, germ theory, etc.). In fact, science is characterized by the claims it makes and the status of those claims within the scientific community. Some claims are borne out over time, some are abandoned. Phlogiston used to be a scientific concept, but it's not one now. So did ether (the proposed medium for light, not the class of chemical compounds). What this underscores is that science is a SOCIAL process as well, and thus subject to influences that affect other social processes.
And as a social process, it has social products. And use of these products parallels the use of the products of religion in the past. In many respects, science is being used in ways, often by nonscientists, in the same way that religion has historically been--as both a political tool and as a explanatory rubric to tell a story about the world we live in. And there often is a gap between the way specialists (priests, theologians, scientists) understand and use the concepts of religion and science and the way non-specialists use them. And unfortunately, scientists themselves have had minimal influence on how science goes on to be used in society.
Let's not be naive about science and scientists. There are beliefs in science. And there is scientific dogma, that gets overturned periodically. Just even a little familiarity with the history of science would make that evident. What has made science different from other social processes is the system of peer review (which is flawed) and its (if sometimes reluctant) openness to revision, when the empirical evidence accumulates, by a wider audience. Simply put, science (the social process) allows there to be more experts in the room (once you jump the hurdles) and allows them to talk to each other more openly. Martin Luther tried doing that with religion in the history of Christianity, but it just didn't quite work out the way he had hoped, I believe. Science as practised today is a great advance in human history, but let's not fool ourselves into thinking it's some pure, cooly rational process that will simply probe the intriguing questions of the day. Anyone who's ever applied for grant funds comes face to face with the social realities of science.